Low testosterone, also known as testosterone deficiency or hypogonadism, occurs when the body produces lower-than-normal levels of the hormone testosterone. This hormone plays a key role in male sexual development, muscle mass, bone strength, mood regulation, and energy levels. While testosterone naturally declines with age, some men experience levels that fall below the healthy range, leading to noticeable symptoms.

Common signs of low testosterone include fatigue, reduced sex drive, difficulty achieving erections, and loss of muscle mass or strength. Some men may also experience mood changes such as irritability, depression, or lack of motivation. Physical changes like increased body fat, thinning hair, or reduced bone density can develop over time. These symptoms can vary in intensity depending on the severity of the deficiency.

There are several potential causes of low testosterone. Ageing is the most common, but other factors include chronic illnesses, obesity, certain medications, and testicular injury. Conditions affecting the brain’s pituitary gland, which regulates hormone production, can also contribute. Identifying the underlying cause is important for determining the most effective approach to management.